Consolidation Materials Used in Strengthening Weak Historic Leather: A Review of the Most Important Traditional and Modern Materials

Abdel-Rahman, Hassan Kamal; Korany, Mahmoud Sayed; Al-Gaoudi, Hanaa Ahmed; Ali Hassan, Rushdya Rabee

doi:10.21608/lijas.2025.378055.1075

Consolidation Materials Used in Strengthening Weak Historic Leather: A Review of the Most Important Traditional and Modern Materials

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt.

² Conservation Department, Faculty of Archeology, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt

³ Organic Antiquities Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

10.21608/lijas.2025.378055.1075

Abstract

This research focuses on materials used to consolidate fragile historical and archaeological leathers. The study examines both traditional materials, such as guar gum and casein, and modern alternatives, including nano-hydroxyapatite, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, polyacrylamide, poly (MMA-HEMA), silicone oil, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and collagen nanoparticles. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials in restoring the physical and chemical properties of deteriorated historical leathers, thereby contributing to their stabilization and structural reinforcement. A range of previous studies was reviewed and analyzed to provide a comprehensive comparison between traditional and modern consolidants. The results highlighted the individual advantages of each material, as well as the potential benefits of combining certain materials to enhance treatment outcomes.

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